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SOCIAL
PSYCH FINAL EXAM SUMMER 2002
NAME: DATE:
READ THIS!
·
This exam is due
by
·
Pay close
attention to the word NOT;
read carefully! RECHECK YOUR EXAM
·
Some words may
be defined for your convenience. These words are in bold type
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If you have any
questions at all, please email Steph or Carleton.
·
Do not
plagiarize textbook or course companion material when providing written
responses. Use your own words. Please refer to UNC policy regarding academic
misconduct (i.e., cheating, plagiarizing) if you have additional questions (See
student Code of Conduct book).
·
Your writing
must be very neat. If we cannot read it, we will mark it wrong—we simply do NOT
have time to track you down and ask you to translate. You are welcome to type
your answers and staple them to this exam when you hand it in. You do NOT have
to retype the questions.
·
If you would
like your final exam back, please email or call and it will be placed in
Steph's mailbox in the psych dept (McKee 14) until July 15th.
·
Please make a genuine
effort to spell words correctly, use appropriate punctuation and verb tenses,
etc. See the class website’s link titled, “Grammar and Spelling.” If any words
on this list are misspelled or grammatical errors as noted on this list occur
in your exam, a half-point will be subtracted for each error. Use a dictionary
and a grammar book.
·
Make sure that
you are very specific in explaining how your examples accurately and clearly
illustrate a relevant social psychological concept.
·
Effort expended
on any endeavor is to be commended, however it is the quality of the
product/results that is most important in this class and in the "real
world." Use caution to not substitute quantity for quality.
·
Each multiple
choice question is worth 1 point unless otherwise noted. The point totals for
short answer questions will be noted next to the number of those questions.
·
You are welcome
to use your textbook, course companion, and notes. Do NOT collaborate with any
human being, however famous international celebrities and talking parrots are
fair game.
CHP
9: Group Processes: Influence in Social
Groups
1. The magnitude in which
Kristi contributes to her philanthropic group’s successful fundraising is
unmatched by other group members. She also knows that she wields power over other
group members. We discussed four aspects of group structure in class. Which one
of the following is this an example of?
a. Cohesiveness b. Status c. Roles d. Norms
2. Psychologist, Roy
Baumeister stated that, “Public scrutiny makes athletes pay attention to what
they’re doing. And that may cause them to choke under pressure.” Which
psychological process is at work when an individual’s attention is divided
between the performance task and those who are watching him/her?
a.
Distraction-conflict theory b. Short-term memory theory
c. Mere presence d. Proscriptive norm
Source: Psychology Today Nov/Dec 1996, When All Eyes
are Watching You
Page total / 2
Be not afraid of life. Believe that life is worth living, and your belief
will help create the fact. –William James (1897)
The most dangerous madmen are those
created by religion, and people whose aim is to disrupt society always know how
to make good use of them. –Denis Diderot
To die for a religion is easier than
to live it absolutely. –Jorge Luis Borges
3.
(2 pts) Barbara G. Kanki of NASA Ames Research Center (Moffett Field, CA)
explains that research on space missions crew factors is very important. One
particular crew factor that is valuable to study is that of leader personality.
Briefly explain how the following factors could lead a space crew down the
dangerous path of groupthink. The following factors include: overbearing
leader, stressful situation, group is composed of people from similar
backgrounds. Be specific in illustrating the concepts with your response. Answers will vary. One possible response may be: Overbearing
leaders can influence the rest of the crew by speaking first therefore
suppressing opposition. Leaders are in positions of status and power, therefore
other members may be fearful or intimidated or they may be motivated to “kiss
up,” which may prevent them from expressing diverging viewpoints. A situation
in which urgency is involved will be highly stressful. Crew members may
overlook alternatives and not properly analyze a cost-benefit ratio since a
quick decision is needed. Group members who are similar to one another will be
more susceptible to “in-bred” thought. Again, alternative viewpoints are not
considered and people take comfort and satisfaction in knowing that others are
in agreement with them (so why upset the apple cart). With regard to space
crews, the atmosphere is ripe for stress, urgent decision-making, and a group
of people who are all similar in their training, philosophy, goals, and
mission. They have to suppress conflict as much as possible, which is highly
likely since they are confined to sharing a very small space together for a
long period of time. Compare to long road trips with friends and/or family and
you’ll get a better idea.
4.
Professor Amber Rohe wants to decrease the likelihood that her students will
engage in on
a group project. She makes it clear to her students that they will be evaluated
individually and as a group. She encourages students to self-select a project
topic that is meaningful to them—not just something to “get done.”
a. social affiliation b.
social validation c. social loafing d.
social facilitation
5. While normally an upstanding citizen Stephanie throws her backpack into a
bonfire that was started during a riot. The social psychological phenomenon in
which an individual loses his / her sense of personal responsibility is called?
a.
dehumanization b. bystander
effect c. conformity d. deindividuation
6. are
violent public disorders created by groups of people. Although they appear to
very chaotic, unrelated acts of violence, their seemingly haphazard nature is
only surface deep. They are actually a lot more organized than they appear.
This behavior is an example of that
occurs in groups of people who are relatively unorganized yet who hold a sense
of unity and may work toward similar goals.
a. Riots ; collective behavior b. Collective
behaviors ; deindividuation
c.
Collective behaviors ; group think d. Riots ;
group think
7. The Raiders were pelted with snowballs by Broncos fans
throughout the Fall 1999 game at Mile High Stadium, leading to mob behavior,
misdemeanor charges against Oakland cornerback Charles Woodson for allegedly
hitting a fan in the face with a snowball, and two Broncos fans' season tickets
being revoked. Norms in this case evolve by a heterogeneous group of people
watching and observing each other. Because of implicit pressure to conform to
the norm, individual crowd members may behave in ways that are very discrepant
from their typical conduct. So how do these norms develop? It only takes a few
conspicuous acts of violence to provide the impression that a norm was
developing in which aggressive acts were legitimate and permissible. This is
collective behavior that is explained according to the ,which suggests a group
definition of appropriate behavior (essentially a new norm) arises in violent
mobs.
a.
irrational accommodation principle b. realistic conflict theory
c. emergent norm perspective d. norm conflict perspective
8.
The following are ways to increase . (Not good!)
1. have no police presence in large
crowds (regardless of whether peaceful or not)
2. have no cameras or giant screen tvs
at sporting events
3. tint car windows
4. wear sunglasses, hats, masks
a.
risky shift b. deindividuation
c.
dehumanization d. the
ultimate attribution error
Page total / 7
9.
Why does occur,
which is the exaggeration of a group's initial tendencies following a group
discussion.
Because
for example the arguments that come up during the group discussion tend to
support the position that generally is already accepted. And because it's not
likely that only one person came up all of the previous arguments in support of
his or her position, these new arguments which are after all supportive of most
people's initial view are likely to reinforce the initial position. So, what
happens is, that the new information influences the group to take a more
extreme position.
EX:
when members of pro-life and pro-choice organizations debate their arguments
and become more extreme in their beliefs.
a. group polarization b. group
status effect c. group
dichotomization
10.
Sarah and Desiree's boss, Scott Holmen, always leads meetings by stating what
he believes to be the best methods to achieve their productivity goals. He
doesn't like conflict and therefore doesn't encourage anyone to play devil's
advocate (take an opposing view). He also doesn't want to overstructure the
group, so goals are more general rather than specified. What is this group at risk
for? a. cognitive restriction b. brain farts c. group think d.
social loafing
Chapter
10 Love, Attraction, & Intimacy
Love
begins with yourself. The moment you can accept what your are, you awaken your
capacity to receive love.—Yogi Amrit Desai
11.
Andy invited his girlfriend, Jenny to meet his parents for the first time since
they had been dating for four months. That night after a wonderful dinner and
enlightening conversation, Jenny was dismayed to observe Andy treating his
mother with disrespect. Andy's mother asked him to help clear the table and he
told her that that was women's work so she could just do it herself. The next
day Jenny told her sister how worried she was that Andy's insecure-avoidant
mother-son relationship would influence how he would treat her in their
relationship. Which theory of love provides evidence that Jenny should end the
relationship and not look back?
a. triangular theory b. reciprocity theory c. altruistic theory d.
attachment theory
12. Vannessa has a crush on Shawn and
asked him out on a date. According to excitation transfer theory what should
Vannessa plan to do for their first date?
a. go see a
romantic - comedy movie like Forces of Nature
b. go to Elitch's
amusement park (Six Flags or whatever it's called now)
c. go to a musical at the
Buell theater in
13. Allison and Tony just started dating. For their first date
they went to Cables End restaurant because they both love Italian food.
Throughout their conversation, they discovered that they both have pet cats,
enjoy the beach, and are minoring in Biology. Which one of the following four
factors of attraction would explain Allison and Tony's increased attraction for
each other?
a. Opposites attract b.
Proximity c. Familiarity d. Similarity
14.
Theresa's stepdad wants to make sure that her boyfriend, Chris is treating her
well. He asks her if she's getting out of the relationship what she's putting
in compared to what her boyfriend is contributing and benefiting from. Which
theory of liking and love is this an example of
a. Equity theory b. Reinforcement-affect
theory c. Sternberg's triangular theory
15.
Extensive research in the field of attraction and intimacy shows that teachers
are more likely to assign grades
to more attractive looking students for the exact same work as completed by
less attractive students. a. lower b. higher c. very similar
16.
What is the most important factor in what attracts someone to another person?
Recall the results of the computer dance where college students were randomly
assigned to a date for the night. a.
familiarity b.
similar personality
c. how big their trust
fund is d. physical attractiveness
Page total / 8
17.
Angie is considered to be very attractive according to her peers. She is more
likely to earn on average $1,500 more per year than less attractive people,
presumed to be a sexual goddess, and expected to naturally have exemplary
social skills. This is called?
a.
triangular theory of attraction b. what's
beautiful is good
c.
unfair d. mere exposure
18. Matthew went to college
out of state. He noticed after a few months his relationship with his
girlfriend back home began to deteriorate.
What did their relationship lack?
a. Proximity b.
Mere Exposure c. Love d. Commitment
19.
ANSWER BOTH PARTS FOR CREDIT (1 pt.). Juan and Lourez are in love. Juan wants
to always be in close contact with Lourez, at the same time he has had several one-night stands with other people. Lourez becomes uncomfortable when Juan is constantly
cuddling--he likes his space. According to attachment theory:
PART A: Juan is:
a. securely attached b.
anxious-ambivalent
c. avoidant d.
passionate
PART B: Lourez
is:
a. securely attached b.
anxious-ambivalent
c. avoidant d.
passionate
20.
Raoul and Raymond have been a couple for eight years. At the beginning of their
relationship, there was heightened passion, which has since mellowed slightly.
They have pledged to stay committed to one another in a commitment ceremony
with their family and friends. Their feelings for each other that promote
closeness and connection is the last of three componentes of love, which is
called according
to Sternberg's triangular theory of love.
a.
mere exposure b. sexual c. physical attractiveness d. intimacy
21. For the matching phenomenon activity (numbers
on foreheads—"1" being low and "100" being high) Cathy had
the number "78" stuck to her forehead. She tried to form partnerships
with students who had 90s and above and she totally ignored students who had
50s and lower. According to the matching phenomena of attractiveness, she most
likely partnered up with a student with the following number: a. 52 b.
64 c. 75 d. 88
22.
Which one of the following proverbs holds true more often for long-lasting
relationships?
a. Birds of a feather flock together. b. Opposites attract.
23. "Below average
Joe" is not the most attractive person, yet he met Tyra
Banks (supermodel) one
evening at a movie theater. They had a good conversation and
he learned that Tyra was really down to
earth. They even began to go out
together occasionally, but a
relationship between them will not last according to the
a. Alternative
Hypothesis b. Beautiful is good stereotype
c. Mere Exposure Effect d. Matching Phenomenon
24. Danielle just received
her pilot's license and invited her friend Matt to fly with her. Although
Danielle and Matt had been "just friends" for years, when Matt's
friend, Jon, asked him how flying went, Matt said he thought he was starting to
like Danielle in a "more-than-friends way." Which theory may explain
Matt's increased attraction to Danielle?
a. mere exposure b. galvanic skin respones c.
excitation transfer
25. When Ephraim thinks
about his girlfriend, Kacie, he feels all tingly and desires to sweep her off
her feet and smother her with kisses. He also knows that she is THE ONE for him
and plans to be with her forever. But he has difficulty opening up to Kacie and
trusting her with his feelings. Which love component is missing according to
Sternberg's triangular theory of love?
a. commitment b.
connection c. passion d. intimacy
Page total / 9
CHP 11 PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR
/ ALTRUISM / HELPING BEHAVIOR
26.
What is the weakness of the sociobiological view of helping?
a. It does not explain why people help strangers
b.
It does not explain why people die for other people
c.
It does not include the norm of reciprocity
d.
It does not apply evolutionary theory to social behavior
27.
Answer both Part A and Part B for
credit (1 pt)
Part A: Rebecca is by herself watching Thirdwatch on television
when she hears a loud bang that sounds like a gunshot. What is the likelihood
that Rebecca will call the police and report it?
a. highly likely b. moderately likely
(50/50 chance) c. not
likely
Part B: Natasha was shopping with her friends, Katherine, Jill,
and Katie. They witness a man take a woman's purse and run off with it. What is
the likelihood that any one of them will take any action to help that woman?
a. highly likely b. moderately likely
(50/50 chance) c. not
likely
Student needs to select a response that denotes a higher likelihood
to respond for part A in proportion to the response to Part B. For example, if
choice "b" was selected for part A, then choice "c" needs
to be selected for part B.
28.
Alice Isen and Paul Levin (1972) left dimes in the coin-return slot of
telephone booths and then waited for people to find them. Then they would
inconspicuously walk a little way in front of that person and drop a manila
folder in which papers would fly out everywhere. 84% of those who found $ in
the telephone helped and of those who didn't find $ only 4% helped! Why?
a.
those who didn't find $$ felt negative state relief b. those
who found $$ were in a good mood
c.
those who found $$ felt empathy d. norm of reciprocity
29.
We have stereotypes of Western males being chivalrous and heroic. Of the 7,000
people who received Carnegie Hero medals for risking their lives to save a
stranger, 91% were men. Western females are nurturing and caring, valuing
close, long-term relationships. Women are more likely to be the ones who work
in childcare and elder care. Which one
of the following factors explains this gender difference in helping behavior?
a.
norm of reciprocity b.
social exchange c. sex-roles/socialization d. reinforcement
30.
Beau Duke needs a bone marrow transplant. The doctor tells Beau to ask his
family to get tested for a possible match. Which of Beau's family and friends
is most likely to eagerly volunteer to undergo this very painful test?
a.
Beau's step-mom, Ida b. Daisy Duke (his
cousin)
c.
Beau's wife, Linda d. Beau's brother, Luke Duke
31. You participate in an experiment and as the
research assistant, Betty, is explaining the task, three boxes of a Master's
student's data "accidentally" fall on the floor. Betty appears
extremely distressed which in turn increases your distress. You attempt to help her with re-organizing
the data but you both conclude that they're so out of order that you're just
going to have to give up.
So
Betty continues explaining the experiment in which you analyze some pictures
and then she leaves the room.
Then towards the end of the experiment
another "experimenter" enters the room and asks if Betty's in there
and explains that Betty told him that it'd be okay if he asked her participants
to participate in his study, but that he couldn't give any credit for it. He
then went on to say it involved making interview phone calls and any # of calls
up to 15 would help.
Those who were distressed made on
average over 15 calls and those who went through the experiment without the box
falling made 3 calls.
The difference in number of phone
calls was probably due to the people in the "falling box condition"
experiencing what?
a. negative state relief b. social learning theory
c.
sympathy d.
norm of reciprocity
Page total / 6
32. (3 pts) In 1975, Rushton asked elementary school children to
play a bowling game in which they could either win tokens and then exchange them
for prizes or donate the tokens to a needy children's fund to help out a child
named, Bobby.
a) What did Rushton manipulate next? Whether the children saw the "adult future
teacher" donate tokens to the children's fund OR keep the tokens to
exchange for cheap plastic prizes.
b) What were the results? Children who observed
the adult donate the tokens actually donated more of their tokens to the
children's fund (this prosocial beh was observed to take place even months
later). Monkey see. Monkey do. Monkey's gonna copy you (good or bad).
c) Which theory is used to explain the results of this study? Social
learning theory
CHP 12: AGGRESSION
33. Big brother Aaron likes to pull his
little sister, April's hair just for the heck of it. Which type of aggression
is this?
a. basic aggression b. repressed aggression
c.
hostile aggression d.
instrumental aggression
34.
(2 pts) Describe a personal example of
how you have (or how you could) use empathy to reduce anger and
aggression with regard to a specific situation. Answers will vary. Recall that empathy
refers to the ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person to
experience events and emots the way tt person experiences them. For
example, when I was growing up I would tease my younger sisters because they
were gullible. I fed my sister, Melanie, dogfood after telling her it was
"breakfast pie." This is an example of hostile aggression—I intended
to emotionally harm her by teasing her about it afterward and I did this for my
own entertainment. When my mom found out, she asked me how I would like it if
my parents did that to me. I never fed
her dog food again, but I did entice her to shove a pea up her nose at
Thanksgiving and my mom had to remove it with a toothpick. :)
35.
Which of the following are TRUE and which are FALSE
1. Frustration
always leads to aggression.
2. The sex hormone
testosterone has been linked to aggressive behaviors.
3. Genetics have
been shown to influence aggressive tendencies as evidenced by:
a.
ability of humans to manipulate animal breeding to increase
aggression
in some types of dogs (i.e., pit bulls) and to decrease it
in
others (i.e., greyhounds)
b. If genetics had nothing
to do with aggressive behaviors then we would see great variation among both
monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins, but the results show:
significant positive correlations between genetic similarity and variables such
as altruism, empathy, nurturance, assertiveness, and aggressiveness. Higher
covariations were found among MZ pairs than DZ pairs!
4. Aggression is
a human instinct.
5. Being in pain
increases aggressive tendencies for animals and humans.
a. #s 1, 2, 3, and 5 are TRUE ;
# 4 is FALSE
b. #s 2, 3, and 5 are TRUE ;
#s 1 and 4 are FALSE
c. #s 1, 3, 5 are TRUE ; #s 2 and 4 are FALSE
d. #s 2 and 4 are TRUE ;
#s 1, 3, and 5 are FALSE
36.
Srull and Wyer (1979) divided
people into two groups in which they worked on verbal tasks that included
either hostile words like war, fight, punish, rape, assault, etc. [group 1] and
gave their control group [group 2] neutral words probably like desk, tomato,
sea, plastic, wall, etc. and then rated their hostility and aggressive
tendencies toward a target person who did nothing to provoke any aggression.
Wann and Branscombe (1990) did the same
thing, but used violent sports words like hockey and prizefighting. Results
were the same. in
an aggressive direction influenced aggressive behaviors and aggressive
emotions.
a.
Igniting the semantic network b. Influencing schematic processes
c.
Priming short-term memory processes d. Priming the associative network
Page total / 8
37.
Watching television has some interesting, but sometimes harmful effects on our
thinking (i.e., cognitive distortions). Cline (1973) recruited 121 boys from
38.
(3 pts) There is both correlational and experimental evidence that supports the
finding that "the finger pulls the trigger" but also "the
trigger pulls the finger."
Countries that ban handguns have lower murder rates. Berkowitz's studies
(1968,1981,1995) have shown that
(a)
the presence of a weapon compared to the presence of a badminton racquet led
those who saw the weapons to deliver more "shocks" in retaliation
toward someone (a confederate) who earlier had provoked them and
(b)
children who had been playing with toy guns compared to children who played
with non-violent toys were significantly more likely to knock down another
child's blocks. Sixty-eight % of all murders committed in the
BRIEFLY
explain what you think about these findings. For example you may support
private gun ownership, but at the same time be interested in reducing gun
violence (sense any cognitive dissonance going on?). Decisions. Decisions. So,
what do you do?[Yes this is partly
opinion, but ground
your opinion in social psychological research and theory] Answers will vary.
A possible response may be: Fire arms
and other forms of lethal violence play a significant role in American society.
Through a variety of media channels (i.e., television, video games, films, written
materials such as newspapers) as well as direct experience (high-crime
neighborhoods) we are continuously exposed to gun violence. Social learning
theory would explain that we learn attitudes and behaviors from observing
other, which influences the likelihood of actually modeling those attitudes and
behaviors. Those who are exposed to more violence are therefore more likely to
be violent. / Another possible response may involve Berkowitz and Le Page
(1967) research study, which is related to the concept of “Priming the
Associative Network” / Another possible response may involve the concept of
habituation (numbing), which could also lead to an increase in likelihood to
use more deadly force and be more accepting of that philosophy.; See pages
428–435 in your textbook for more detail.
39. Which statement is false?
a. Twin studies show that aggressive
tendencies are somewhat genetically based
b. The
hormone, testosterone has been linked to aggressive behaviors
c. Environmental conditions
(heat, noise) have NO impact on aggressive tendencies
d. Experiencing pain can cause people
and animals to act out aggressively
40. Natasha scattered candy wrappers
under her younger brother's bed so that he would get punished instead, even
though she ate all the candy without asking. Which kind of aggression is this
an example of? a. instrumental b. hostile c. angry d.
extrinsic
41. Spanking has been shown
to be an effective way of reducing aggressive behaviors. For example
42. Which statement is false?
a. Guns don't kill people,
people kill people
b. Sometimes the trigger
pulls the finger
c. Southerners use more severe methods
of discipline than Northerners
d. Watching violent film
clips elicits more aggressive behavior than does watching sexually erotic film
clips.
43. If you wanted to help a friend
decrease his/her aggressive tendencies should you suggest that they watch
horror-slasher films to get the aggressiveness out of their system?
a. Yes b. No
44.
Tony and Ephraim are eating bagels and cream cheese for breakfast. Ephraim
takes too big a bite and begins to choke. While attempting the Heimlich
maneuver, Tony breaks Ephraim’s ribs. Is this aggressive behavior? a. Yes b. No
Page total / 10
45.
Which one of the following examples illustrates the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
a.
Chris punches Scott because Scott stole Chris’s gum.
b.
Danielle kicks Kristi because Kristi got an A on a Statistics exam.
c. Rebecca slaps Shawn because Shawn did not give her a long
anticipated raise.
d.
Kristi head butts Sarah because Sarah smacked Kristi.
46.
Which environmental conditions would increase
aggressive behavior?
a.
Winter in
47. Which one of the
following choices below illustrates an evolutionary perspective of aggression?
a. Retaliation, when
provoked, is especially prevalent in cultures that emphasize protecting one’s
honor.
b. Cosmides and
Tooby (1992) stated that human warfare originated for the purpose of obtaining
valuable resources. Cosmides and Tooby also believe that our “stone age”
ancestors fought their earliest battles to have access to women, rather than
food or land.
c. Dabbs et al. (1987 &
1988 & 1995) found that female and male prison inmates who committed an
unprovoked violent crime had higher testosterone levels than did those who
committed a nonviolent crime.
CHP 13: PREJUDICE
I
have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where
they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their
character. –Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
There
are very few jobs that actually require a penis or vagina. All other jobs should
be open to everybody. –Florynce R. Kennedy
It
is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees. –Dolores Ibarruri
48.
The belief that all people over 60-years-old should have to take a driving test
is an example of ?
Actually following a person of Peruvian ancestry around a store primarily
because they're skin is darker than Caucasian's skin is an example of ?
a.
discrimination ; prejudice b.
prejudice ; discrimination
c.
stereotyping ; prejudice d. discrimination ; stereotyping
49.
Mr. Ignor Amus believes that the reason why homosexual males are the
sub-population most at risk for contracting HIV is because they're being
punished for their sins. He once saw two men holding hands and he felt disgust.
Prejudice is made up of three components. Two are illustrated in this example,
what is the third?
a. intent to behave b. affect c.
cognitions d. actual behavior
50.
( 2pts) "He started to be used as a generic pronoun by grammarians who
were trying to change a long-established tradition of using they as a singular
pronoun. In 1850 an Act of Parliament gave official sanction to the recently
invented concept of the generic "he." The new law stated, "words
importing the masculine gender shall be deemed and taken to include
females." This practice was often ignored. For example in 1879 a move to
admit female physicians to the all-male Massachusetts Medical Society was
blocked on the grounds that the society's by-laws describing membership used
the pronoun, "he."
1st, 3rd, and 5th graders were asked
to tell stories in response to the following sentence: When a kid goes to school, he
often feels excited on the first day.
Only
12% of the stories were about females and no male children wrote a story about
a girl. Next, the children were asked if they understood the rule that
"he" in certain contexts refers to everyone, both males and females.
28% said yes, they understood and 72% said they did not understand.
This phenomenon is called "male-as-normative." How will the above findings influence
your professional writing and your voting behavior? FYI: Did you know that just
recently
As long as the response is relevant to the question, any and all
opinions will be marked correct regardless of whether the reader agrees or
disagrees with the student's response. Obviously, those who hold the belief
that males and females should be provided with equal educational, professional,
etc. opportunities are more likely to be very concerned about the above
research findings.
Page total / 10
51.
a.
social categorization b. realistic conflict
c.
diffusion of responsibility d. social identity
52.
Caucasians often have difficulty picking an Asian person out of a line-up
despite being allowed several minutes to study the Asian person's face. (This
phenomenon occurs world-wide in a variety of societies) This is an example of?
a. out-group homogeneity b. in-group heterogeneity
c.
minimal groups d.
group serving bias
53. Most of us think that the 1992
a. social institutions b.
norms and conformity
c. realistic deprivation d. just world phenomenon
54. At just about the same time that
the gay pride movement gained momentum, HIV and AIDS was being identified and
studied intensely. People back then (1970s & 1980s) and now believe that
non-heterosexuals are being punished by god, are practicing an immoral lifestyle and can actually change if
they wanted to, and are out to recruit children to their way of life. This is
an example of?
a. social misidentity b. institutional
discrimination
c. scapegoating d.
cruel attitude-behavior link
55. Vannessa divided her 6th grade
students into 2 groups based on picking numbers out of a hat. The 2 groups were
named after fruits, The Avocadoes and The Tomatoes. They all wore stickers
depicting their group. Later, during recess, camouflaged observers noticed an
increase in aggressive behaviors that transpired between the 2 groups. Although
these groups were formed based on meaningless criteria they ended up displaying
in-group preferences and out-group discrimination. These meaningless groups are
called?
a. irrelevant b. minimal c. polarized d. dichotomous
56.
a. an inferiority complex b. hemorrhoids
c. social dominance orientation d. authoritarian
personality
57. ( 1pt.) ANSWER BOTH PARTS FOR
CREDIT: Part A: Often times people who have a mobility disability are
portrayed by "
(Part A) a. stereotypical b.
authoritarian c. authoritative d. scapegoating
Write your fill-in answer here (Part
B):
Page total / 7
58. In the 1960s
Muzafer Sherif et al. conducted an experiment at a boys' summer camp called
Robber's Cave. Two groups of middle class 11 and 12-year-olds were randomly
assigned to opposite sides of the camp. The boys did NOT know they were being
observed for an experiment. In fact, at first neither group of boys was aware
that they other group existed.
The researchers created a tournament
of games in which the two groups competed
for a series of attractive prizes that only
one group could win. According to the the conditions were optimal for
stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination to develop. In addition to vigorously
competing for the prizes during the games, the boys also picked fights, and
raided each other's campsites.
a.
in group bias theory b.
social learning theory
c.
confirmation bias theory d. realistic conflict theory
59.
Members of the KKK (Ku Klux Klan)
believe that the Caucasian race is superior compared to all other races. In
fact one of the white supremacist websites has a page called "White Trash
Sluts" which identifies famous women who have either married, dated,
participated in love scenes, or supported causes of non-white people.
Under Calista Flockhart they stated
that she is a Jew-actress who had an affair with a negro on her show, Ally
McBeal. The white supremacists wonder if her thinness is a result from catching
AIDS from race mixing. Under Nicole Simpson they say she's the "king of
sluts" who married negro OJ Simpson and eventually got exactly what she
deserved. Under Natalie Imbruglia they
wrote
that she dated negro Lenny Kravitz, "a double whammy as he is a negro and
a Jew! We hate him twice as much!"
Supremacist groups exist within a
variety of ethnic groups. Here's just one example of many (although white
supremacist groups far outnumber non-white supremacist groups in the
Members of ethnic supremacist groups
are since
race is their central interest and they regard their own race or cultural group
as superior to others.
a.
eurocentric b. ethnocentric c.
egocentric d. patriotic
60. When groups are labeled as savages,
vermin, property, slaves, chicks, babes, dolls this reflects the groups' which is one of the many predisposing factors
that leads to prejudice and is also a result of prejudicial attitudes.
a. unequal status b. social identity c. contrast effects d. culture free values
61. Look at this picture.
Which theory explains that
children learn the prejudicial [pic
taken from Feldman pg 86]
attitudes of their parents?
a. realistic conflict theory
b. distraction conflict theory
c. schematic generalization theory
d. social learning theory
62.
( 2pts) Regarding the examples of gender research findings that focus on the
cognitive component of prejudice, what was the conclusion of the study provided
below?
Deaux and Janet Taylor (1973)
·
Participants listened to a taped interview of a
college student (either female or male) who was a candidate for a prestigious
scholarship.
·
If the candidate did well, competency
ratings were higher when male than when the candidate was female.
·
If the candidate did poorly they rated
the male significantly lower on competency than the female candidate.
Answer: Men are expected to
succeed, but if they fail they are treated more harshly than women who fail.
This has to do with role expectations. If we expect men
to succeed and they don't or if we don't expect women to succeed and they do
then this creates discomfort b/c things aren't turning out how we expected.
Page total / 6
PROBLEM SOLVING SECTION: Choose ONE of the following problems
from any chapter and answer the questions. (5 pts.)
ANSWER ON A SEPARATE PIECE OF PAPER. Credit will be given for relevant and
accurate responses.
1) Group Processes: Business
Being a business
major, Chris has discovered that his classes often require participating in
group projects. His professors are trying to make classroom learning as similar
as possible to post-graduate work environments. Here are a few excerpts from
"The Right Stuff" newspaper article in the Denver Rocky Mountain News
in which professionals were asked what they look for when hiring new employees:
Name Business What do you look for when hiring?
A. Price Info Tech Consultant -Someone WHO
ENJOYS THEIR JOB
D. Bullock Mutual funds & Finance -Relationship building
skills; communication
skills
C. Moore Network/Internet Solutions -"We really
have to have people that can
function
well on a team and BELIEVE THEY
CAN
CONTRIBUTE TO THE COMPANY'S
SUCCESS.
J. Richardson E-business & Tech -"We want
people who are ready to work as part
Consulting of
a team...We want people who can mentor & learn, take advantage of
leadership & advice from cohorts....We
look for accountability."
YOUR JOB is to
pretend that you are president of a company (or executive director, senior
manager, partner, CEO, etc.). You are being interviewed for The Right Stuff
column in which you are asked, "What do you look for when hiring?" Tailor your response to address two of the
following social psychological phenomena in a way that communicates what you
want in an ideal employee: a) social
loafing, b) group polarization, c) groupthink, d) process loss, e) great person
theory, f) contingency theory of leadership including a task-oriented leader
and a relationship-oriented leader. Be sure to be specific. For example
if you address social loafing, you will need to communicate which kinds of
qualities you want in an employee who will not be predisposed to social
loafing.
*If
you want to kill any idea in the world today, get a committee working on it.
-Charles F. Kettering
*Profits
can be obtained either by producing what consumers want or by making consumers
want what is actually produced. -Henry Simons
2) Group Processes:
Law Enforcement
YOUR JOB
is to pretend that you are police chief of
*The final test of a leader is
that he leaves behind him in other men the conviction and the will to carry on.
-Walter Lippmann
3) Attraction and Intimacy: Personal
Relationship Analysis
a) Which factors of attraction
influenced your specific situation? Recall that there is similarity,
familiarity, proximity, and physical attractiveness.
b) Select
a theory of love to apply to your situation. Recall the following: equity, social-exchange, excitation-transfer,
Sternberg's triangular theory of love, attachment theory, reinforcement-affect.
c) What
obstacles in your relationship have you faced and how did you and your partner
cope with them whether it led to a continuation or dissolution of the
relationship? (i.e., long-distance, cultural/racial differences, sexual
orientation minority, religious differences, disengagement strategies, etc.).
Is there anything you would do differently now that you are more knowledgeable
about attraction and intimacy?
*To
be loved, be lovable. - Ovid
*The
only way to have a friend is to be one. -Ralph Waldo Emerson
4) Altruism:
Increasing Helping Behavior
a) Choose
a role: Parent, Philanthropy chairperson
of organization XYZ, Very important person in a non-profit organization,
Psychologist trying to reduce bystander effects in our society.
b)
Briefly describe the specific helping behaviors you would like to see
increased.
c) How will you attain your
goals using what you learned from the altruism chapter? Some (this is NOT an
exhaustive list) possible social psychological concepts you can apply
include: Noticing an event,
ambiguity/interpretation, assuming responsibility, mandatory volunteerism, mood,
cultural differences, altruistic personality, empathy-altruism hypothesis,
reciprocity norm, social exchange, learning social norms, evolutionary
perspectives.
"In
I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Communist.
Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a
Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, but I didn't speak up
because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, but I
didn't speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me, and by
that time there was no one left to speak for me."
-Rev. Martin Niemoeller, a German
Lutheran pastor who was arrested by the Gestapo for opposing Hitler and sent to
*The
meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances. If
there is any reaction, both are transformed. -Carl G. Jung
5) Aggression: Solving Societal Problems
You are
an expert in reducing aggression. Including some of the recommendations
discussed in your textbook, incorporate what you have learned from life
experience and the extended chapter information from the website in order to
provide some concrete solutions to ONE of the following societal problems: a)
school violence b) domestic violence (victims can be men and women), c) child
abuse, d) bullying, e) road rage, f) violent crimes committed by women, g)
out-of -control hockey parents, h) sexual assault (victims can be male or
female).
*Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens
can change the world. Indeed, it's the only thing that ever has. -Margaret Mead
*The ability to kill or capture a man is a relatively simple task compared with changing his mind. -Richard Cohen 6) Prejudice:
The New Kid
You are a
fifth-grade teacher in a predominantly white school. Dave, a Black 10-year-old,
is a new student in your classroom. You overhear and observe some of the
students in your class making prejudicial and discriminatory remarks about Dave
(and to his face). Including some of the recommendations discussed in your
textbook, incorporate what you have learned from life experience and the
extended chapter information from the website in order to provide some concrete
solutions for reducing the prejudice and discrimination that Dave is
experiencing and that some of the students are dishing out. Hint: Recall the jigsaw classroom.
*A cat will look down to a man. A dog will look up
to a man. But a pig will look you straight in the eye and see his equal. -
Winston Churchill
*The
fewer facts you have in support of an opinion, the stronger your emotional
attachment to that opinion. - Anonymous
ARTICLE ANALYSIS SECTION: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING 5
QUESTIONS PERTAINING TO THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE: Media Violence and the
American Public: Scientific Facts Versus
Media Misinformation. –Brad Bushman & Craig Anderson (2001). American
Psychologist, 56 (7), 477-489. Be accurate and precise. Do NOT
plagiarize. Write your response using your OWN WORDS! ANSWER ON A SEPARATE PIECE OF PAPER.
1. Does the level of
violence in the "reel" world—the media world accurately portray the
level of violence in the "real" world? Refer to pg. 479
2. What does the scientific
evidence show? Refer to pgs. 480-481
3. Regarding the effects of
media violence on aggressive behavior, is there agreement or disagreement
between scientific reports and news reports? Refer to pgs. 483-485
4. Is the scientific
research only correlational or is there cause and effect evidence as well?
Refer to pgs. 485-486
5. Summarize the General Discussion. Refer to pgs.
486-488.
Exam Total: / 80
Graded by: ST / CD
*An ounce of emotion is equal to a ton of facts. - John
Junor
* People don't ask for facts in making
up their minds. They would rather have one good, soul-satisfying emotion than a
dozen facts. - Robert Keith Leavitt
*Beauty without grace is the hook without the bait. - Ralph Waldo Emerson*Life cannot subsist in society but by reciprocal concessions. -Samuel Johnson
* By persuading others, we convince ourselves. -Junius, 1769
MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWERS
1 B
2 A
3 SHORT ANSWER
4 C
5 D
6 A
7 C
8 B
9 A
10 C
11 D
12 B
13 D
14 A
15 B
16 D
17 B
18 A
19 B ; C
20 D
21 C
22 A
23 D
24 C
25 D
26 A
27 Student
needs to select a response that denotes a higher likelihood to respond for part
A in proportion to
the response to Part B. For example, if choice "b" was selected for
part A, then choice
"c" needs to be selected for part B.
28 B
29 C
30 D
31 A
32 SHORT ANSWER
33 C
34 SHORT ANSWER
35 B
36 D
37 C
38 SHORT ANSWER
39 C
40 A
41 B
42 D
43 B
44 B
45 C
46 D
47 B
48 B
49 A
50 SHORT
ANSWER
51 B
52 A
53 A
54 C
55 B
56 D
57 A AND FILL IN SHORT ANSWER
58 D
59 B
60 A
61 D
62 SHORT
ANSWER